Introduction
Global warming refers to the long-term rise in Earth’s average temperature, primarily driven by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial emissions. Since the Industrial Revolution, the planet has warmed faster than at any point in recorded history. This warming trend is reshaping ecosystems, economies, and societies worldwide.
Causes of Global Warming
- Greenhouse gases (GHGs): Carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) trap heat in the atmosphere, creating the “greenhouse effect.”
- Fossil fuel use: Coal, oil, and natural gas remain dominant energy sources, releasing billions of tons of CO₂ annually.
- Deforestation: Cutting forests reduces Earth’s ability to absorb CO₂, while land clearing often adds emissions.
- Industrial and agricultural practices: Factories, livestock farming, and fertilizers contribute methane and nitrous oxide, both more potent than CO₂.
Effects of Global Warming
- Rising temperatures: The past decade has been the hottest on record, with 2024 surpassing the 1.5°C threshold.
- Extreme weather: Heatwaves, floods, droughts, and wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe.
- Melting ice and rising seas: Glaciers and polar ice caps are shrinking, leading to higher sea levels and coastal risks.
- Ecosystem disruption: Species migration, coral bleaching, and biodiversity loss threaten natural balance.
- Human impact: Agriculture, health, and infrastructure face increasing stress, especially in vulnerable regions.
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